What technique focuses on analyzing code without executing it?

The technique that focuses on analyzing code without executing it is known as static analysis. This approach involves examining the source code or binary code of a program to identify potential vulnerabilities, coding errors, and compliance with coding standards without running the program. Static analysis is carried out using automated tools that can scan the entire codebase for known security weaknesses, bugs, and potential issues that might not be apparent during runtime.

By not executing the code, static analysis enables developers to catch issues early in the development process, which can significantly reduce the cost and effort required to fix them later. It provides valuable insights into the code structure, complexity, and quality, allowing for a more thorough security assessment prior to deployment. This is particularly important in security-focused environments where understanding the code's behavior, even when not executed, is crucial for risk management.