What does audit logging provide information about?

Audit logging primarily provides information about events occurring within a system, including various types of activities such as user access, system errors, changes to data, and security incidents. In the context of network devices like routers, audit logs are invaluable as they capture activities related to configuration changes, access attempts, and other significant events that occur on the device. This functionality aids in tracking operational events, ensuring compliance with security policies, and supporting incident response efforts.

The other options, while relevant in their own contexts, do not capture the comprehensive nature of what audit logging specifically tracks. System performance metrics relate more to resource usage and performance indicators rather than security events. User access times could be a subset of audit logs but do not encapsulate the full range of events logged. Data backup statuses refer to whether backups were successful or failed, which is not what audit logging is primarily designed to document.